A systematic study of theoretical relations between spatial correlation and Green's function in one-, two- and three-dimensional random scalar wavefields     

Hisashi Nakahara 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,167(3):1097-1105

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Effect of the development of notches and tension cracks on instability of limestone coastal cliffs in the Ryukyus, Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tetsuya Kogure  Hisashi Aoki  Akira Maekado  Takashi Hirose  Yukinori Matsukura 《Geomorphology》2006,80(3-4):236-244

Notches cut by waves are currently developing at the base of vertical coastal limestone cliffs in Okinawa, Japan. The cliff height varies from 3.0–22.1 m, and the maximum notch depth is 8.8 m. Many rectangular or cubic blocks, which appear to have originated from cliff failures, are found on platforms in front of the cliffs. On the flat top surface of the cliff, tension cracks often run parallel to the cliff face. The vertical face of the cliffs displays small undulations but no sliding striation, suggesting that cliff failures have been caused by toppling rather than by shearing or sliding. We use slope stability analysis to determine the critical condition for toppling failure. Physical and mechanical properties of the cliff material were first obtained from laboratory tests. The results indicate that the strength of limestone shows a scale effect, such that the strength decreases with increasing size of the test specimens. Based on this result, we estimated the strength of a rock mass corresponding to the size of the coastal cliff. Cliff stability was then analyzed using a cantilever beam model. Comparison of the stability analysis and the dimension of fallen blocks indicates that toppling failure is strongly associated with the development of notches and tension cracks.  相似文献   

Scattering attenuation and intrinsic absorption using uniform and depth dependent model – Application to full seismogram envelope recorded in Northern Chile     

Mitsuyuki Hoshiba  Andreas Rietbrock  Frank Scherbaum  Hisashi Nakahara  Christian Haberland 《Journal of Seismology》2001,5(2):157-179

Two seismic wave attenuation factors, scatteringattenuation Q _s ^-1 and intrinsicabsorption Q _i ^-1 are measured using theMultiple Lapse Time Window (MLTW) analysis method forthree different frequency bands, 1–2, 2–4, and 4–8 Hz.Data from 54 temporally deployed seismic stationslocated in northern Chile are used. This methodcompares time integrated seismic wave energies withsynthetic coda wave envelopes for a multiple isotropicscattering model. In the present analysis, the waveenergy is assumed to decay with distance in proportionto1/GSF·exp(- (Q _s ^-1+Q _i ^-1)· r/v), where r, and v are the propagationdistance, angular frequency and S wave velocity,respectively, and GSF is the geometricalspreading factor. When spatial uniformity of Q _s ^-1, Q _i ^-1 and v isassumed, i.e. GSF = 4r ², theestimates of the reciprocal of the extinction length,L _e ^-1 (= (Q _s ^-1+Q _i ^-1)·/v), are 0.017,0.012 and 0.010 km^-1, and those of the seismicalbedo, B ₀ (= Q _s ^-1/ (Q _s ^-1+Q _i ^-1)), are 0.48, 0.40and 0.34 for 1–2, 2–4 and 4–8 Hz, respectively, whichindicates that scattering attenuation is comparable toor smaller than intrinsic absorption. When we assumea depth dependent velocity structure, we also findthat scattering attenuation is comparable to orsmaller than intrinsic absorption. However, since thequantitative estimates of scattering attenuationdepend on the assumed velocity structure (strength ofvelocity discontinuity and/or Moho depth), it isimportant to consider differences in velocitystructure models when comparing attenuation estimates.  相似文献   

不同粘土矿物对赖氨酸的吸附行为对比研究          下载免费PDF全文

开炜  蔡元峰  蔡进功  季峻峰 《高校地质学报》2018,24(5):671

以皂石、高岭石、绿泥石和伊利石为原材料,分别与赖氨酸进行反应,研究赖氨酸在上述粘土矿物上的吸附行为, 并运用粉末X-射线衍射技术（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱术（FTIR）和热重（TG）等分析方法,表征反应前后粘土 矿物的变化。实验结果表明,不同粘土矿物对赖氨酸的吸附等温线均符合Freundlich等温方程,且不同粘土矿物对赖氨酸的 饱和吸附量大小顺序为：皂石>蒙脱石>绿泥石>高岭石>伊利石;XRD结果表明皂石对赖氨酸的吸附发生在矿物层间,而绿 泥石、高岭石和伊利石对赖氨酸的吸附主要在矿物表面进行;FTIR和TG结果表明赖氨酸主要取代粘土矿物层间吸附水,以 氢键的形式与Si-O-Si(IVAl)键合。实验结果将有助于进一步探明环境中粘土矿物对有机质的吸附机理。  相似文献   

U–Pb ages of granitoids around the Kofu basin: Implications for the Neogene geotectonic evolution of the South Fossa Magna region,central Japan     

Yusuke Sawaki  Hisashi Asanuma  Mariko Abe  Takafumi Hirata 《Island Arc》2020,29(1)

The Japanese archipelago underwent two arc–arc collisions during the Neogene. Southwest Honshu arc collided with the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana arc and the northeast Honshu arc collided with the Chishima arc. The complicated geological structure of the South Fossa Magna region has been attributed to the collision between the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana arc and the southwest Honshu arc. Understanding the geotectonic evolution of this tectonically active region is crucial for delineating the Neogene tectonics of the Japanese archipelago. Many intrusive granitoids occur around the Kofu basin, in the South Fossa Magna region. Although the igneous ages of these granitoids have been mainly estimated through biotite and hornblende K–Ar dating, here, we perform U–Pb dating of zircon to determine the igneous ages more precisely. In most cases, the secondary post‐magmatic overprint on the zircon U–Pb system was minor. Based on our results, we identify four groups of U–Pb ages: ca 15.5 Ma, ca 13 Ma, ca 10.5 Ma, and ca 4 Ma. The Tsuburai pluton belongs to the first group, and its age suggests that the granite formation within the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana arc dates back to at least 15.5 Ma. The granitoids of the second group intruded into the boundary between the Honshu arc and the ancient Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana arc, suggesting that the arc–arc collision started by ca 13 Ma. As in the case of the Kaikomagatake pluton, the Chino pluton likely corresponds to a granodiorite formed in a rear‐arc setting in parallel with the other granodiorites of the third group. The U–Pb age of the Kogarasu pluton, which belongs to the fourth group, is the same as those of the Tanzawa tonalitic plutons. This might support a syncollisional rapid granitic magma formation in the South Fossa Magna region.  相似文献   

2011—2021年安徽省闪电时空分布特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

鞠晓雨  王凯  朱浩 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2022,16(5):110-117

利用2011—2021年安徽省地闪资料，对全省闪电时空分布特征进行统计分析。结果表明：负地闪为安徽省地闪主要类型，占地闪总数的94.02%，每年5—9月是闪电活动高发期，8月闪电频次最大，但地闪回击电流峰值最小，正地闪比例随总地闪发生次数的减少而增多。日变化特征中，闪电多发时段为14—19时，与强对流天气活跃时段对应，平均地闪回击电流峰值波动相对较小，最大值出现在06时。全省地闪平均密度为1.72次/（km2·a），空间分布呈南高北低特征，与地闪回击电流峰值分布大致相反。对安徽省总地闪频次进行主成分分析表明，前5个特征向量累计方差贡献达到90.05%，能够全面反映安徽省闪电整体异常结构，全省闪电活动及频次变化趋势基本一致，但南北存在明显差异，空间分布型可划分为全省一致型、大别山区型、江淮东部型、江南江北型和沿淮型，安徽省南部地区的水汽条件、热力条件和触发机制均优于北部地区，更易发生雷暴等强对流天气。  相似文献